The Penetration Efficiency of a Dissolved Model Drug Into Hair Follicles Depends on the Concentration of Added Nanoparticles

This study investigates the impact of nanoparticle concentration on the transport efficiency of the model drug fluorescein sodium into hair follicles using an ex vivo porcine skin model. It was found that a 4% nanoparticle concentration significantly enhances the transport efficiency compared to a 2% concentration, while increasing the concentration to 8% does not further improve penetration depth. Additionally, a 4 Hz circular motion massage proved more effective than a 100 Hz oscillating massage. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing formulations and application methods for potential clinical applications, such as skin antisepsis.