Redefining Drug Discovery: A Review of Drug Repurposing – Approaches, Benefits and Breakthroughs

Drug repurposing is an innovative approach in the pharmaceutical industry that seeks new medical uses for existing drugs, offering a faster and more cost-effective alternative to traditional drug development. This method leverages existing safety and pharmacokinetic data to reduce development risks and expedite treatment availability, particularly during public health emergencies. The review highlights the historical evolution, benefits, and current methods of drug repurposing, while also addressing regulatory and intellectual property challenges. Case studies of Sildenafil, Thalidomide, and Remdesivir illustrate successful repositioning. The field has evolved into a structured discipline poised to revolutionize disease treatment through advancements in artificial intelligence, multi-omics, and global collaborations.