Flammulina Velutipes Polysaccharide Boosts The Anti-Tumor Immunity By Reversing M1/M2 Polarization Through TLR4/NF-κB Activation

The study investigates the effects of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP) on tumor immunity, demonstrating its potential as an immunomodulatory agent. Oral administration of FVP in mice with 4T1 mammary and Lewis lung carcinoma resulted in reduced tumor volume and increased survival rates. FVP promoted the generation of CD11b⁺Ly6C⁺highF4/80⁺ macrophages and decreased the ratio of M2-macrophages and regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which are typically associated with tumor growth. The mechanism involves FVP reversing IL-4 induced M2-polarization through TLR4/NF-κB activation, enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory and Th1 response genes, thereby boosting anti-tumor immunity.