From Anti-Aging Medicine to Precision Healthspan Pharmacology: Evidence Domains, Monitoring Requirements, and Practical Boundaries

The paper discusses the evolving field of pharmacological anti-aging, proposing a shift towards precision healthspan pharmacology. It emphasizes organizing interventions into functional domains such as metabolic healthspan, hormone optimization, and neuroimmune modulation, rather than focusing solely on anti-aging claims. The central criterion for these interventions is their ability to support defined healthspan domains, considering evidence maturity, safety, and monitoring requirements. The paper stresses that pharmacology cannot replace fundamental aspects of human health, such as nutrition, exercise, and social connections, which are crucial due to modern environmental challenges. The conclusion advocates for a structured approach to healthspan pharmacology, prioritizing evidence, safety, and psychosocial factors.