Whole-Genome Resequencing to Investigate the Genetic Diversity and the Molecular Basis Underlying Key Economic Traits in Indigenous Sheep Breeds Adapted to Hypoxic Environments

This study conducted whole-genome resequencing on 140 sheep from seven Tibetan breeds to explore genetic diversity and adaptation to hypoxic environments. It identified genetic markers related to hypoxia adaptation, wool color, and body size, with key genes like DOCK8, IGF1R, and MC1R. The research highlighted the role of HOX homeobox genes in hair follicle development and identified pathways such as cAMP signaling and melanogenesis linked to economic traits. The findings provide a genetic basis for understanding Tibetan sheep's unique adaptations and offer targets for molecular breeding to enhance wool quality and adaptive traits, emphasizing the importance of preserving genetic diversity in local breeds.