Genosomes: An Introspection Into Transfection, Future Perspectives and Applications

Genosomes, which are cationic lipid-based nanocarriers, have emerged as promising non-viral gene delivery systems due to their enhanced biosafety and lower immunogenic potential compared to traditional viral vectors. These systems efficiently condense nucleic acids, protect them from enzymatic degradation, and improve cellular uptake and endosomal escape. Advances such as PEGylation and stimuli-responsive formulations have further enhanced their transfection efficiency and tissue-specific delivery. Clinical applications, including RNA-lipoplexes in cancer immunotherapy, demonstrate their therapeutic potential. This review critically examines genosome design, formulation, intracellular trafficking, clinical applications, and future prospects in gene therapy.