Regulation of Immune Response Genes in the Skin of Allergic and Clinically Tolerant Individuals Exposed to P-Phenylenediamine

    January 2024 in “ Allergy ”
    Sanne S. Meisser, Yasutaka Mitamura, Can Altunbulakli, Josefine Bandier, Morten Schjørring Opstrup, Anne‐Sofie Ø. Gadsbøll, Manru Li, Ge Tan, Mübeccel Akdiş, Cezmi A. Akdiş, Carsten Geisler, Jeanne Duus Johansen, Charlotte M. Bonefeld
    TLDR Everyone has an immune response to PPD, but reactions differ, causing tolerance, mild inflammation, or allergy.
    The study investigated the immune response to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) in 11 asymptomatic hairdressers and 10 individuals with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Both groups showed up-regulation of T cell activation, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways upon exposure to PPD. While individuals with a strong allergic reaction exhibited significant up-regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, asymptomatic individuals also showed increased expression of genes related to chemokines, dendritic cell markers, and regulatory T cell markers. The findings suggest that all individuals mount an immune response to PPD, but the outcomes vary, leading to tolerance, subclinical inflammation, or allergy, indicating there are no true non-responders to PPD.
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