JAK-STAT Pathway-Associated Skin Diseases: A Refined Functional Framework for Inflammatory Skin Diseases

The JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo. Small molecule JAK inhibitors have shown significant effectiveness in treating these conditions, with specific drugs like abrocitinib, upadacitinib, and baricitinib already approved for certain diseases. The traditional classification of inflammatory skin diseases based on the T helper immune axis is inadequate for distinguishing cytokine signals reliant on the JAK-STAT pathway, limiting its use in targeted therapy. The article proposes a refined framework that incorporates JAK-dependent cytokine modules into the existing Th immune axis system, enhancing the understanding and clinical application of JAK inhibitors for better diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.