Molecular Landscape of Lung Cancer: Insights Into Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Outcomes

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 1.8 million fatalities in 2020. The disease is linked to genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and mutations in tumor suppressor and oncogenes. Current treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy are associated with significant side effects, including hair loss, and face challenges such as disease heterogeneity and resistance. This review emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic strategies by identifying key molecular and genetic targets for lung cancer therapy. It highlights recent advancements and potential clinical applications aimed at understanding the disease's molecular mechanisms to develop new drugs and more effective treatments.