Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Updates in Tumor Biology, Emerging Therapies, and Preclinical Models

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive skin cancer linked to either Merkel cell polyomavirus or UV exposure. Traditional treatments include surgery and radiotherapy, with immunotherapy improving outcomes for advanced cases. However, effective treatments are lacking for patients unresponsive to these methods, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of MCC biology. Recent advances include the development of genetically-engineered mouse models to explore MCC tumorigenesis and potential origins, such as associations with hair follicle tumors or squamous cell carcinoma. These findings suggest a role for epigenetics in MCC development, presenting new therapeutic targets and ongoing clinical trials aimed at improving MCC management.