Microneedling

Microneedling was a minimally invasive procedure that involved creating controlled skin injuries using fine needles to penetrate the epidermis and upper dermal layer. It was used for various cosmetic purposes, including treating acne vulgaris, acne scars, skin rejuvenation, and promoting hair growth. The process triggered an inflammatory phase with increased capillary permeability and cell migration, followed by a proliferative phase characterized by re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia. Wound contraction began shortly after the injury and peaked within 2 weeks.