Nanogenerators in Biomedical Frontiers: Revolutionizing Self-Powered Healthcare Systems

Nanogenerators (NGs), particularly piezoelectric and triboelectric types, are transforming self-powered healthcare systems by converting biomechanical energy from human motion into electrical energy, eliminating the need for external batteries. These devices are integrated into wearable and implantable platforms, enabling continuous monitoring and energy harvesting for applications such as e-skins, cardiovascular scaffolds, and drug-release systems. The advancements in materials and technology have led to the development of flexible, biodegradable, and efficient NGs, which are used in various medical applications, including cardiac pacemakers, wound healing, and hair regeneration. The integration of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) further enhances these systems, paving the way for personalized and efficient healthcare solutions.