Nanoparticle-Embedded Microneedles for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery: Advances and Applications

Nanoparticle-embedded microneedles (NEMNs) represent a significant advancement in transdermal drug delivery by enhancing drug stability, bioavailability, and controlled release, overcoming limitations of traditional systems. These microneedles, made from various materials and types, benefit from recent manufacturing advancements like 3D printing, allowing for scalable production and site-specific drug release applications in diabetes, cancer, wound healing, and inflammatory treatments. Despite progress, challenges such as nanoparticle stability, scalability, regulatory compliance, and safety persist. Future efforts will focus on AI-based systems, multifunctional biomaterials, and eco-friendly processes to facilitate clinical translation, positioning NEMNs as promising patient-centric solutions for chronic and acute conditions.