Niosomal Nanoformulations for Targeted Follicular Drug Delivery in Alopecia: An Integrative Review of Pathophysiology, Therapies, and Nanotechnology-Based Approaches

This integrative review examines the pathophysiology and treatment of various alopecia types, including both scarring and non-scarring forms. It critiques conventional therapies like corticosteroids and minoxidil for their limitations in effectively targeting hair follicles. The review highlights advances in drug delivery using nanocarriers, particularly niosomes, which offer improved follicular targeting and advantages over traditional topical treatments. Cetirizine dihydrochloride is identified as a promising repurposed antihistamine with potential hair growth benefits, and its niosomal delivery could enhance local effectiveness while reducing systemic effects. The review suggests that niosomal cetirizine represents a promising strategy for alopecia treatment, advocating for further multi-center studies to evaluate its efficacy.