Nail Proximal Fold Stem Cells Participate in Nail Growth, Orchestrating Enhanced Digit Regeneration via BMP Signaling Activation

This study identifies a distinct population of nail proximal fold stem cells (NPFSCs) that play a crucial role in nail growth and digit regeneration, with BMP signaling being a key regulator. Inhibition of BMP signaling led to limited regeneration, while its activation enhanced NPFSC involvement and significantly promoted digit regeneration, even allowing for full regeneration after substantial removal of the distal phalanx. The study also demonstrated that transplanted NPFSCs retained their regenerative capacity in vivo, suggesting their therapeutic potential. The findings highlight the importance of BMP-Wnt signaling cross-talk in mediating NPFSC-driven regeneration and offer a framework for improving regenerative outcomes after traumatic amputations.