Optimisation Of Avicennia Marina Heartwood Extract Nanoemulsion Using Box–Behnken Design: Formulation Characteristics And Antifungal Evaluation

This study successfully developed a stable nanoemulsion of Avicennia marina heartwood extract with effective anti-dandruff activity. Using a Box–Behnken design, the researchers optimized the formulation by adjusting virgin coconut oil, Tween 80, and sorbitol concentrations, resulting in a nanoemulsion with a viscosity of 1.12 mPa·s and a particle size of 51.42 nm. The formulation demonstrated strong anti-dandruff activity with a 14.63 mm inhibition zone against Pityrosporum ovale. The study highlights the potential of this nanoemulsion for use in topical anti-dandruff products.