Pathogenesis of Chemical Leukoderma and Chemical-Induced Vitiligo

Chemical leukoderma (CL) and chemical-induced vitiligo (CIV) are pigmentary disorders caused by exposure to certain chemicals, with CL being temporary and CIV potentially persistent. The review discusses the impact of chemicals like rhododendrol (RD), which has affected nearly 20,000 patients in Asia, causing melanocyte damage through oxidative stress and other mechanisms. While CL can recover through melanocyte regeneration, CIV may involve autoimmune responses and persistent niche destruction, complicating recovery. The study highlights the need for further research to understand these mechanisms, improve treatment strategies, and better differentiate between CL and CIV.