Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Contemporary Therapeutic Approaches

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age, leading to infertility and increased risks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The document discusses the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches for PCOS, highlighting three main diagnostic frameworks: NIH, Rotterdam, and AE-PCOS, each with varying emphasis on reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic symptoms. It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies, including hormonal therapies, insulin sensitizers, lifestyle changes, and psychological support, to manage symptoms and prevent complications. The review also calls for further research into genetic and epigenetic factors to improve diagnostic precision and treatment options, with emerging therapies like SARMs and inositol supplements needing clinical trials for validation.