Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Current Understanding of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

The review article discussed polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, focusing on its diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. It outlined four PCOS phenotypes: Frank, anovulatory, ovulatory, and non-androgenic, each with distinct diagnostic criteria. The article explored various theories of PCOS pathogenesis, including peripheral, central, insulin, genetic, and epigenetic factors, highlighting the disease's multifactorial nature. It emphasized the importance of phenotypes in tailoring individual treatment plans and reviewed therapeutic options, particularly for managing hyperandrogenism and anovulation, with a focus on progesterone therapy, considering the patient's reproductive goals.