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May 2025 in “npj Parkinson s Disease” PINK1 is important for controlling gut immune responses linked to early Parkinson's disease.
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January 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” Sex and sex hormones can affect brain inflammation in Parkinson's disease, with male mice being more affected and female mice showing a protective effect.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Age-related immune changes worsen Parkinson's disease, suggesting new treatment strategies.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alpha-MSH affects mitochondrial function, and MC1R mutations may increase skin aging.
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January 2023 in “Cancer Research” AMPK activation may reduce melanoma risk in red-haired individuals.