Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Therapeutic Effects and Molecular Mechanism

Photobiomodulation (PBM) shows promise in providing symptomatic relief for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), particularly in reducing pain and inflammation. However, its effectiveness in structural regeneration, such as cartilage protection, remains uncertain and requires further validation. The review highlights the challenges in assessing PBM's therapeutic effects due to inconsistent study designs and the absence of standardized treatment protocols. While preclinical models suggest potential benefits, more long-term clinical studies are needed to confirm PBM's efficacy in modifying the disease.