Comparative Overview of Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Potential of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Leaves and Seeds

The review compares the phytoconstituent composition and pharmacological activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) leaves and seeds. Fenugreek seeds are rich in compounds like Galactomannan, 4-hydroxy isoleucine, and alkaloids such as Trigonelline and Fenugreekine, which exhibit anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities by reducing glucose and lipid absorption and enhancing metabolism. In contrast, Fenugreek leaves have potent anti-microbial properties, including anti-dandruff, anti-fungal, and anti-amebicidal activities, due to high saponin content. Both plant parts are safe for topical use, showing anti-inflammatory effects and strengthening hair follicles to reduce hair fall. The study highlights the importance of understanding the correlation between phytochemistry and modern pharmacology for optimizing therapeutic applications and developing targeted pharmaceutical formulations. Future research could focus on bio-active derivatization to enhance Fenugreek's pharmacological activities.