Comparative Effects of Pistacia Atlantica Leaf and Phenytoin Ointment on Rat Skin Wound Healing: Histopathological Changes and Bioactive Compounds

This study compared the wound-healing effects of Pistacia atlantica leaf extract ointment to phenytoin in 35 rats with skin wounds. The 25% Pistacia ointment (P25) significantly improved wound healing, showing similar results to the phenytoin group in terms of epithelialization, angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and hair follicle regeneration, while also reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. The extract's bioactive compounds, including 1,2,3-benzenetriol, cis-13-octadecenoic acid, and phytol, possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The findings indicate that Pistacia atlantica leaf extract ointment is a safe and effective alternative for wound management, enhancing healing in a dose-dependent manner without adverse effects.