Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated In Situ Hydrogel Induces Hair Regeneration Via Immune Microenvironment Remodeling

The study explores a novel hair regeneration method using a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-activated in situ hydrogel (CAPgel) combined with interleukin-2 (IL2). This approach aims to remodel the immune microenvironment by promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion and dermal papilla cell (DPC) proliferation, facilitating the transition from the telogen to anagen phase of hair growth. In vivo experiments on C57BL/6 male mice showed that CAPgel/IL2 significantly accelerated hair regeneration, achieving 100% hair coverage within 15 days, outperforming FDA-approved treatments like minoxidil and finasteride. The treatment enhanced hair follicle density, length, and diameter without inducing abnormal inflammation or systemic toxicity. The study highlights CAPgel/IL2's potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for hair loss, with future research needed to explore its application in human models.