A Comprehensive Review of Acne Treatments: Unpacking the Chemical Structures and Effective Bioactive Compounds

This review provides a detailed analysis of acne vulgaris treatments, emphasizing their chemical structures and mechanisms of action. It categorizes treatments by molecular composition, highlighting the importance of understanding structure-activity relationships for effective therapy. Topical retinoids are recommended for mild-to-moderate acne, while oral isotretinoin is preferred for severe cases. The review discusses various treatments, including retinoids, antibacterials, hormonal regulators, and novel agents like cannabidiol and nanoparticle-based formulations. Most treatments have undergone phase III clinical trials, supporting their efficacy despite potential side effects. The review calls for more well-designed trials to evaluate natural agents and nanoparticle-based systems, aiming to guide personalized treatment strategies.