Comprehensive Review of Perilla Frutescens: Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Mechanisms, and Industrial Applications in Food and Health Products

Perilla frutescens is a versatile herbaceous plant known for its bioactive compounds, including volatile terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, and blood sugar-lowering effects. The plant's components have been effective in various experimental models and show promise in food and industrial applications, such as functional foods, natural preservatives, and novel food additives, enhancing shelf life and antimicrobial protection. Research into its biology and genetic improvement aims to boost yield and bioactive content, while safety and standardization issues are addressed to support its broader application.