Single-Cell Omics Advances in Understanding Tissue Development and Complex Trait Formation in Sheep and Goats

Recent advancements in single-cell omics technologies have significantly enhanced the understanding of tissue development and complex trait formation in sheep and goats, focusing on traits like wool quality and reproductive performance. These technologies have revealed cellular heterogeneity and regulatory mechanisms in key tissues, such as hair follicles and reproductive organs, identifying important genes like FGF5 and MSTN for potential genome editing. Despite challenges like incomplete genome annotation, integrating single-cell multi-omics with genomic selection and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing holds promise for precision breeding. This approach aims to improve traits such as wool production, fertility, and meat quality, ultimately benefiting livestock breeding programs. Future research should focus on comprehensive livestock cell atlases and integrative analytical frameworks to enhance functional genomics and precision breeding in small ruminants.