Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Highlights the Role of Proinflammatory Fibroblasts, Vascular Endothelial Cells, and Immune Cells in the Keloid Immune Microenvironment

This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the immune microenvironment of keloids, analyzing tissue from three keloid lesions and two healthy skin specimens. The research identified proinflammatory fibroblasts (piF) and vascular endothelial cells (VEC) as key players in keloid development, with elevated levels in keloid tissue compared to normal skin. Differential gene expression analysis revealed increased expression of immune-associated genes and decreased expression of inflammatory chemokines in piF, while VEC showed upregulation of immune suppressive genes. The study also found enriched macrophage and Treg interactions, emphasizing macrophage-centered communication in keloids. These findings highlight the roles of piF and VEC in keloid pathology, suggesting new therapeutic targets.