Synergistic delivery of ginseng exosomes and biomimetic melanosomes via temporally controlled hydrogel microneedles restrain the pathologic triad of vitiligo

The study presents a novel treatment for vitiligo using a hydrogel microneedle system that delivers ginseng-derived exosomes and biomimetic melanosomes to address oxidative stress, inflammation, and melanocyte deficiency. This system uses methacrylated hyaluronic acid microneedles for rapid release of polydopamine nanoparticles and glyceryl monostearate micelles for targeted exosome release. The treatment restores redox balance, suppresses inflammation, and promotes repigmentation by activating follicular stem cells and enhancing melanocyte and keratinocyte function. In murine models, significant repigmentation was observed within 3 weeks, demonstrating the potential of this biocompatible, self-adaptive approach for vitiligo therapy.