Targeted Two-Photon Chemical Apoptotic Ablation of Defined Cell Types In Vivo

The study introduced a technique called two-photon chemical apoptotic targeted ablation (2Phatal), which allowed for precise induction and visualization of apoptosis in living animals using a femtosecond-pulsed laser. This method enabled targeted ablation of specific cell types, such as neurons, glia, and pericytes, in the mouse brain and zebrafish without causing collateral damage. By combining 2Phatal with organelle-targeted fluorescent proteins and biosensors, researchers discovered previously unknown differences in apoptosis patterns and dynamics among cell types, including ribosomal disassembly, calcium overload, and mitochondrial fission. The technique offered a powerful tool for studying the functional consequences of cell death, neural plasticity, and tissue remodeling across various organs and species.