The modern scientific interpretation of ancient wisdom: a review of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Erzhi Pill and its constituent botanical drugs

Erzhi Pill, a traditional Chinese medicine used for nearly 600 years, is known for addressing disorders like osteoporosis and menopausal syndrome by balancing Liver-Kidney Yin and clearing deficiency fire. Despite its therapeutic potential, its development faces challenges such as simplistic quality control, unclear mechanisms, and imprecise clinical indications. This review evaluates Erzhi Pill's botanical constituents, phytochemical profiles, and efficacy, aiming to standardize quality and enhance clinical use. Future research should focus on integrated quality control markers, synchronized screening for active ingredients, and evidence-based methodologies to clarify indications and medication strategies.