122 citations
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November 2014 in “BMC Medicine” Oral testosterone therapy raises heart risk more than other methods.
31 citations
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November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Women with androgen excess, especially those with PCOS, have a much higher risk of heart disease and stroke.
26 citations
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June 2016 in “Journal of Reproductive Immunology” Women with PCOS have higher xanthine oxidase activity linked to inflammation and heart disease risks.
15 citations
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September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormone therapy increases the risk of heart-related issues in transgender women and may affect heart health in transgender men.
May 2026 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Early hair loss might indicate diabetes and heart risks, especially in those under 45.