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GlossaryHypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

regulates stress response through hormone release from brain and adrenal glands

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis is a complex network involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, which work together to regulate the body's response to stress. When you encounter stress, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), prompting the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a key stress hormone. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and can impact various bodily functions, including immune response and metabolism.

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research Sex Differences in the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis’ Response to Stress: An Important Role for Gonadal Hormones

197 citations , January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology”

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

research Extraction and Analysis of Cortisol from Human and Monkey Hair

101 citations , January 2014 in “Journal of Visualized Experiments”

The method effectively measures long-term stress levels using hair samples.

research Hair Cortisol: A Biomarker of Chronic Stress in Animals and Its Association With Reproduction

May 2023 in “Animal Reproduction Update”

High levels of cortisol in hair show long-term stress which can lower fertility in animals.

research Determining Cortisol in Animal Hair as a Marker of Chronic Stress

December 2025 in “Biology Bulletin Reviews”

Hair cortisol can indicate animal stress but varies with many factors.

research Treatment of Androgen Excess in Females: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

9 citations , January 1997 in “Gynecological Endocrinology”

The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.

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community EMA is re-examining Winlevi (clascoterone at lower concentration)

in Treatment 7 upvotes 8 months ago

Clascoterone in Winlevi, a topical AR antagonist, is being re-examined due to concerns about HPA axis suppression in adolescents, but it's unlikely to be banned for adult use in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The European Medicines Agency recommended refusing Winlevi for acne vulgaris, but this may not affect Breezula's approval for AGA.

community Mechanism of action of alfatradiol (17 alpha estradiol)

in Research/Science 6 upvotes 1 year ago

The conversation discusses the mechanism of action of alfatradiol (17 alpha estradiol) in treating hair loss. It explores theories that it either inhibits 5 alpha reductase to prevent T->DHT conversion or aromatizes scalp T into 17-alpha-estradiol to save hair.

community CB-03-01 / Breezula Personal Results

in Treatment 14 upvotes 3 weeks ago

The user shared their experience with CB-03-01 (Breezula/Clascoterone) for hair loss, noting reduced shedding and improved hair appearance but experiencing significant sleep disturbances and low energy due to HPA axis suppression. They decided to stop using it due to these side effects and are waiting for GT20029 as an alternative.

community Anyone remember Breezula, the promising hairloss drug that was perpetually 3 years away? Well, it's available right now as an acme treatment. Can we just directly apply to the scalp?

in Treatment 41 upvotes 4 years ago

The conversation discusses the availability of Breezula, a drug for hair loss, now being sold as an acne treatment, and whether it can be applied to the scalp. Users express skepticism about new hair loss treatments and suggest waiting for FDA approval.

community Does the watery ejaculate issue ever resolve?

in Finasteride/Dutasteride 97 upvotes 2 weeks ago

Dutasteride and finasteride can cause watery ejaculate, which may persist for some users. Zinc supplements or switching to topical treatments are suggested to alleviate this side effect.

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