4 citations
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December 2023 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Topical metformin effectively treats melasma with minimal side effects.
July 2021 in “Physiology and Pharmacology” Umbilical cord masks can help reduce melasma in postpartum women.
38 citations
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August 2015 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” Topical flutamide works as well as hydroquinone for melasma but needs more safety checks.
11 citations
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June 2020 in “Russian Open Medical Journal” Lower ferritin and serum iron levels may be linked to melasma.
3 citations
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July 2024 in “Cureus” Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) shows promise for treating melasma but needs more research for confirmation.