October 2023 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” Serum clusterin may play a key role in the inflammation and immune response in post-adolescent acne.
October 2021 in “Turkderm” Hormonal imbalances, not insulin resistance or dyslipidemia, may be more important in causing acne in women over 25.
January 2014 in “Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society (Print)” Women with acne after adolescence are more likely to have PCOS and should be checked for it.
Many women with postadolescent acne also have hormonal imbalances and are at higher risk for metabolic issues.
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January 2020 in “Advances in Dermatology and Allergology” Lower ghrelin levels and certain gene variations may increase acne risk.