46 citations
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August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
41 citations
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January 2000 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” Cortisone reductase deficiency can cause high androgen and cortisol levels and may be missed in women with similar symptoms.
46 citations
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December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.
63 citations
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November 1999 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Hair sensitivity to androgens is partly controlled by specific enzyme expressions in different hair areas.
September 2025 in “JCEM Case Reports” Consider rare forms of CAH for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's hair loss and other symptoms were due to a rare hormone deficiency treatable with steroids.
41 citations
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March 1998 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The enzyme that changes testosterone to a stronger form is mostly found in the part of the hair follicle called the dermal papilla.
1 citations
,
January 2017 in “Tohoku journal of experimental medicine” A woman's mature cystic teratoma caused her virilization by producing testosterone.
196 citations
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May 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Sebocytes play a key role in controlling androgen levels in human skin.
7 citations
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April 2019 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone is changed into different substances by certain enzymes and may play a role in prostate cancer.
20 citations
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June 2007 in “Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery” Certain inhibitors can potentially treat prostate cancer and other hormone-dependent conditions by controlling sex hormone levels in cells.
54 citations
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December 2007 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Targeting glucocorticoid action might help treat type-2 diabetes, but human trials are needed.
40 citations
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March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Young girls whose mothers have PCOS may have higher activity of a specific enzyme that could lead to developing PCOS later.
12 citations
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February 2016 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” Sulforaphane may help with hair growth by breaking down a hormone that causes hair loss.
43 citations
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August 2010 in “Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs” Inhibitors of 11β-HSD1 show potential for treating type 2 diabetes but require more testing for safety and effectiveness.
69 citations
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December 2005 in “Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism” Blocking the enzyme 11β-HSD1 might help treat obesity and metabolic issues.
70 citations
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March 2010 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Blocking a specific enzyme might help treat obesity and diabetes, but more research is needed to ensure it's safe.
18 citations
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March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
28 citations
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August 2003 in “Steroids” Hirsute women have lower type 2 17β-HSD enzyme levels, which improve with treatment.
10 citations
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August 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Leptin-deficient mice, used as a model for Type 2 Diabetes, have delayed wound healing due to impaired contraction and other dysfunctional cellular responses.
138 citations
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July 2015 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.
12 citations
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January 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Baicalin may help reduce excessive male hormone levels in PCOS.
117 citations
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May 2017 in “Human Reproduction Update” The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.
36 citations
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October 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dihydrotestosterone can be made from dehydroepiandrosterone in skin cells without needing testosterone.
23 citations
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February 2020 in “PLOS genetics” Mice with LSS deficiency showed hair loss and cataracts, similar to humans, and can help in understanding and treating this condition.
August 2025 in “American Journal of Case Reports” Accurate diagnosis and early specialist referral are crucial for managing 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development.
21 citations
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January 2020 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.
70 citations
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April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
19 citations
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October 2017 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” The gel made of minoxidil and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin improves hair growth and is good for long-term use.