December 2023 in “Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry” Stiripentol shows promise as a potential treatment for androgen-related diseases but needs more testing.
22 citations
,
January 2015 in “The Cochrane library” DHEA may help with sexual function when used intravaginally by menopausal women but is similar to hormone therapy in other aspects and might cause more side effects like acne and hair loss.
11 citations
,
May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
May 2008 in “Trends in Urology Gynaecology & Sexual Health” Loop diuretics may double bone loss in elderly men, finasteride lowers prostate cancer risk but may increase high-grade tumors, abarelix reduces testosterone quickly, and transdermal testosterone offers minimal sexual benefit for women.
January 2019 in “ISGE series” Estrogen helps prevent artery plaque by stopping monocyte capture in blood vessels.
8 citations
,
August 2015 in “Endocrine” November 2025 in “Drug Testing and Analysis” Epristeride's metabolism involves key metabolites and proteins, affecting its use in doping tests.
18 citations
,
August 2008 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 17-β estradiol and prednisolone may speed up hair regrowth after chemotherapy.
88 citations
,
January 2001 in “Dermatology” EE/CMA is more effective than EE/LNG in reducing acne.
March 2025 in “Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Rodent models of PCOS show some hormone changes similar to humans, but also have key differences.
1 citations
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March 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Testosterone, progesterone, and levonorgestrel change enzyme levels related to fat production in hamster skin, which could affect skin oil and acne.
October 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Rodent models of PCOS show some similar and some different lipid changes compared to humans.
7 citations
,
September 2023 in “Cancer Treatment Reviews” Managing side effects of endocrine therapy is crucial to improve adherence and survival in breast cancer patients.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
Finasteride may affect female fertility by altering gene activity.
March 2002 in “Reactions Weekly” Some birth control pills increase blood clot risk; use them for specific conditions only.
January 2023 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” The synthetic retinoid EC23 thickens skin and promotes hair growth more effectively and with a lower dose than natural retinoids.
1 citations
,
December 1971 in “PubMed”
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
67 citations
,
October 2005 in “Annals of Oncology” Fulvestrant is a well-tolerated new treatment for advanced breast cancer that may delay chemotherapy.
Bicalutamide does not significantly affect liver enzymes and is a safe anti-androgen option for transfeminine individuals.
25 citations
,
September 1977 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of some contraceptive steroids cause health issues in dogs, but their relevance to humans is unclear.
9 citations
,
December 2009 in “Cancer Research” Both vaginal testosterone cream and Estring effectively manage vaginal dryness in women with early-stage breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
14 citations
,
November 2014 in “European journal of medicinal chemistry” Researchers found new potential treatments for conditions related to the androgen receptor, like male hormonal contraception, by testing thousands of compounds.
December 2014 in “Bali Medical Journal” Females have higher estrogen receptor levels in hair than males, and these levels decrease in white hair compared to black hair.
Women with androgenetic alopecia have normal levels of most blood steroids and binding proteins, but higher dehydroepiandrosterone. Some also have low "sex hormone-binding globulin" and "corticosteroide-binding globulin" capacity, and high "free androgen index" and "free cortisol index". Diane treatment can normalize these levels and improve hair conditions.
18 citations
,
August 2019 in “Clinical breast cancer” Local hormonal treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy is likely safe for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
186 citations
,
December 2011 in “Molecules” Three specific 4-azasteroid-2-oximes showed strong enzyme inhibition, but less than finasteride.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Anastrozole can cause increased testosterone, leading to symptoms like hair growth and thinning.