22 citations
,
June 2002 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” Compounds 15, 20, and 25 are strong inhibitors of human steroid 5α-reductase type 2.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for insulin secretion in males.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Anastrozole can cause increased testosterone, leading to symptoms like hair growth and thinning.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
February 2024 in “Pediatrics in review” A 15-year-old girl with missed periods was diagnosed with a pituitary disorder and treated with hormones and steroids.
67 citations
,
October 2005 in “Annals of Oncology” Fulvestrant is a well-tolerated new treatment for advanced breast cancer that may delay chemotherapy.
78 citations
,
October 2003 in “Cochrane library” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol may subjectively improve excessive hair growth in women, but it's not clinically better than other treatments.
42 citations
,
May 2003 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” New steroidal compounds could be effective for treating conditions related to 5α-reductase enzyme activity.
July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Correcting their experiment, the authors confirmed β-estradiol affects hair growth in mice.
August 2012 in “Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège)” A castrated dog developed hair loss and prostate issues from long-term exposure to estrogen cream.
25 citations
,
March 2004 in “Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology” Using testosterone-stimulated weanling rats can effectively replace castrated rats for anti-androgen testing, reducing animal stress.
22 citations
,
July 1990 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica” High levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone inhibit hair cell growth, while high levels of estradiol promote it.
18 citations
,
May 2014 in “Menopause” A 5 mg dose of transdermal testosterone cream effectively restores testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.
10 citations
,
December 1996 in “Fertility and Sterility” Women with acne have lower levels of a specific hormone marker than women without acne.
12 citations
,
February 2023 in “Applied and Environmental Microbiology” Mutants of CYP154C2 enzyme significantly improved steroid conversion efficiency.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
January 2014 in “edoc (University of Basel)” Anabolic steroids and inflammation can disrupt androgen metabolism, potentially causing health issues.
Testosterone pellets may help women's sexual function but have safety concerns and need more research.
January 2025 in “Regenerative Biomaterials” A dissolving microneedle patch with collagen XVII effectively promotes hair regrowth in androgenic alopecia.
6 citations
,
January 2017 in “Annals of Dermatology” Combination of 17α-estradiol and minoxidil improves hair growth and reduces hair loss in most patients.
13 citations
,
August 2007 in “Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters” A new compound effectively inhibits human 5α-reductase 1.
4 citations
,
June 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride doesn't affect ovulation in normal women.
65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dexamethasone may influence hair growth by altering estrogen receptor activity in hair cells.
54 citations
,
February 1993 in “Endocrine reviews” Androgen conjugates might be better indicators of skin sensitivity to hormones in women with excessive hair growth.
1 citations
,
May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
42 citations
,
September 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The research found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has two distinct types, with one having more severe hormone and insulin issues.
June 2026 in “Scientific Reports” Testosterone makes XX skin more like male skin by changing its structure and cell makeup.
April 2025 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” Reference values for nine hormones were established to help diagnose PCOS.
15 citations
,
June 1986 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Androgens increase pigmentation in young hamsters, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
117 citations
,
May 2017 in “Human Reproduction Update” The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.