January 2024 in “Oxford medical case reports” Standard treatment for congenital erythropoietic porphyria was ineffective over five years.
42 citations
,
May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
January 2007 in “Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals” The study successfully identified the structure of finasteride.
2 citations
,
March 2026 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata have different safety risks, requiring specific monitoring for each drug.
July 2020 in “European urology open science” Methylated gene parts may cause finasteride-resistance in some enlarged prostate patients.
August 2026 in “Canadian Journal of Health Technologies” Litfulo is recommended for treating severe alopecia areata in people 12 and older, as it helps hair regrowth.
June 2019 in “Reactions Weekly”
5 citations
,
August 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” 5α-Reductase inhibitors do not consistently increase testosterone levels in the blood.
184 citations
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January 2000 in “European Urology” Blocking the enzyme that turns testosterone into DHT can safely and effectively treat enlarged prostate.
5 citations
,
January 2021 in “Inflammatory Bowel Diseases” Tofacitinib improved ulcerative colitis, skin ulcers, and hair loss in a patient who didn't respond well to other treatments.
39 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Tofacitinib may help treat severe childhood alopecia areata, but risks require careful consideration.
July 2026 in “Postgraduate Medicine” Finasteride for hair loss often causes depression, with risks outweighing benefits.
3 citations
,
July 2025 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Ritlecitinib may be more effective for severe alopecia areata than conventional treatments.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.
24 citations
,
September 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Retinoids increase steroid sulfatase activity in leukemia cells through RARα/RXR and involves certain pathways like phosphoinositide 3-kinase and ERK-MAP kinase.
3 citations
,
May 2024 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology” Tofacitinib can cause a rare rash called SDRIFE, which resolves after stopping the drug.
January 2020 in “Nihon Yakuri Gakkai nenkai yoshishu” Reducing 5α-reductase activity helps endometrial cells differentiate, aiding pregnancy.
6 citations
,
August 2017 in “Physiological Research” Setipiprant may reduce inflammation by blocking an enzyme called aldose reductase.
1 citations
,
January 2004 in “Medicina de Familia SEMERGEN” Finasteride may help prevent prostate cancer.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” MEK and BRAF inhibitors increase sebum production and accumulation, which could cause acne-like side effects.
2 citations
,
December 2013 in “Cancer research” Enobosarm may effectively treat androgen receptor-positive breast cancer with fewer side effects.
June 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Ritlecitinib may cause serious side effects like blood clots in alopecia areata patients.
8 citations
,
February 2010 in “Journal of Dermatology” A topical treatment safely and effectively reduced acne by causing targeted cell death in sebaceous glands without side effects.
79 citations
,
September 2018 in “Dermatologic therapy” Oral tofacitinib can significantly improve recalcitrant lichen planopilaris.
July 2024 in “Reactions Weekly”
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Mefloquine, an antimalarial drug, is effective in killing melanoma cells resistant to other treatments by causing lethal stress in the cells.
55 citations
,
March 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride may treat baldness but less effective for those with 5α-reductase deficiency.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” FOL-005, a new substance, was found to reduce hair growth without toxicity when injected into skin, suggesting it could be used to treat excessive hair growth.
48 citations
,
February 2006 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” 5α-reductase inhibitors may reduce male fertility and could be used for male contraception.
September 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Finasteride may help reduce opioid use.