October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Dutasteride is more effective than finasteride for hair loss, but more research is needed on safety and dosing.
35 citations
,
April 2013 in “Sexual medicine reviews” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.
June 2025 in “JCEM Case Reports” False high testosterone levels were corrected using a more accurate test.
70 citations
,
April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A woman's hair loss and other symptoms were due to a rare hormone deficiency treatable with steroids.
18 citations
,
March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
7 citations
,
October 1974 in “PubMed” Topical estrogens improved hair growth in about half of the patients.
Dianabol boosts muscle growth but has serious health risks and legal issues.
January 2009 in “Journal of Xingtai University” Finasteride is made through a series of chemical reactions starting from a specific intermediate compound.
8 citations
,
June 2016 in “Clinical Chemistry” PSA levels could help detect illegal steroid use in female athletes but face challenges like cost and PCOS prevalence.
September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Methylprednisolone treatment helps most alopecia areata patients, but young age, extensive hair loss, and low vitamin D can affect results.
March 2024 in “The journal of sexual medicine” The therapies improved ejaculation disorders and sexual function in middle-aged men.
December 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Compound 4 is a promising treatment for hair loss with low toxicity.
3 citations
,
January 2003 in “Synthetic Communications” Scientists made two new chemicals that might help treat diseases caused by male hormones.
March 2023 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” The β-sitosterol hair gel is effective and promising for treating hair loss.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “Endocrine Connections” DHEA is the main sex steroid in cerebrospinal fluid, and testosterone in the fluid comes from the blood.
1 citations
,
January 2016 in “Hair transplant forum international”
7 citations
,
September 2014 in “Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences” Cuscuta reflexa extracts and an isolate promoted hair growth and could be natural treatments for hair loss.
August 2022 in “Dermatologic Therapy” 11-oxyandrogens are linked to excess hair growth in PCOS, but don't help diagnose it.
February 2019 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Hair samples can reliably show average long-term hormone levels in young women.
29 citations
,
May 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Androgens don't directly affect hair cell growth or protein production.
8 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”
33 citations
,
April 2015 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5α reductase inhibitors treat hair loss but may cause sexual side effects and risks.
July 2016 in “Reactions Weekly” Cyproterone and finasteride reduced hypersexuality but caused serious side effects.
July 2005 in “SKINmed/Skinmed” BRL 7660, once studied for male contraception, showed promise as an acne treatment but was not developed further due to competing drugs.
December 1989 in “Inpharma (Balgowlah)” Cyproterone helps women with hair loss caused by genetics. More research is needed to confirm the best dose.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
26 citations
,
January 2014 in “ALTEX” Pesticides can cause reproductive and adrenal health issues.