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GlossaryMelanocyte-Stimulating Hormone

regulates melanin production, affecting skin and hair pigmentation

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) is a peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. It plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from UV radiation by increasing melanin synthesis, which can lead to tanning.

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research Detection of Functionally Active Melanocortin Receptors and Evidence for an Immunoregulatory Activity of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

60 citations , August 2005 in “Endocrinology”

αMSH may help regulate immune responses in hair follicles and its disruption could lead to hair loss.

research INTERACTION OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE, MELATONIN, CYCLIC AMP AND CYCLIC GMP IN THE CONTROL OF MELANOGENESIS IN HAIR FOLLICLE MELANOCYTES IN VITRO

53 citations , July 1981 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

α-MSH and cyclic AMP boost melanin production, while cyclic GMP and melatonin reduce it.

research Improved cutaneous wound healing after intraperitoneal injection of alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone

29 citations , November 2014 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Injecting alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in mice improved skin healing and reduced scarring.

research Non-pigmentary actions of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone--lessons from the cutaneous melanocortin system.

16 citations , May 2006 in “PubMed”

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone helps manage skin inflammation and protect against UV damage.

research Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) But Not Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (a-MSH) as a Mediator of Adrenalectomy Induced Hair Growth in Mink

16 citations , April 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

ACTH promotes hair growth in mink, but α-MSH does not.

research EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND [8-ARGININE]-VASOTOCIN UPON MELANOGENESIS IN HAIR FOLLICLE MELANOCYTES IN VITRO

12 citations , December 1981 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

α-MSH increases melanin production in moulting hair follicles, while AVT inhibits it.

research Reversal of premature hair graying treated with a topical formulation containing α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone agonist (Greyverse Solution 2%)

1 citations , November 2022 in “International journal of trichology”

A woman's premature gray hair turned mostly black again after using Greyverse solution and hair supplements for 5 months.

research 457 Impact of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on mitochondrial function in human dermal fibroblasts

November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Alpha-MSH affects mitochondrial function, and MC1R mutations may increase skin aging.

research Is There a Rationale for the Use of an Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Analog to Improve Gray Hair Repigmentation?

November 2022 in “Skin Appendage Disorders”

PT-20 did not significantly improve gray hair repigmentation.

research [Effect of Tribulus terrestris extract on melanocyte-stimulating hormone expression in mouse hair follicles].

7 citations , December 2006

Tribulus terrestris extract significantly increases MSH expression and melanin production in mouse hair follicles.

research Structure and function of melanocytes: microscopic morphology and cell biology of mouse melanocytes in the epidermis and hair follicle.

69 citations , January 1995 in “PubMed”

Mouse melanocyte structure and function are influenced by genetics, hormones, and environmental factors.

research Hormonal control of pelage cycles in the short tailed weasel (Mustela erminea bangsi)

68 citations , April 1965 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology”

The pituitary gland controls seasonal fur color changes in weasels.

research Human hair follicles display a functional equivalent of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis and synthesize cortisol

489 citations , June 2005 in “The FASEB Journal”

Human hair follicles can produce cortisol like the body's stress response system.

research Immunology of the Human Nail Apparatus: The Nail Matrix Is a Site of Relative Immune Privilege

139 citations , October 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The nail matrix has a reduced immune response, protecting it from autoimmunity.

research Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Revisited: The Key to Alopecia Areata Management

102 citations , December 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Restoring hair bulb immune privilege is crucial for managing alopecia areata.

research Melanocortins in fibroblast biology – current update and future perspective for dermatology

32 citations , October 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology”

α-MSH may help treat skin inflammation and fibrosis.

research NON-PSORALEN TREATMENT OF VITILIGO. PART II. LESS COMMONLY USED AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPIES

19 citations , May 1992 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Some alternative vitiligo treatments show promise, but none are as effective as psoralens and UVA.

research Efficacy of an agonist ofα-MSH, the palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20, in hair pigmentation

12 citations , September 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 may help reduce hair greying and increase melanin production.

research The human hair follicle has established a fully functional peripheral equivalent of the hypothamalic‐pituitary‐adrenal‐axis (HPA)

9 citations , January 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Human hair follicles can produce stress hormones like the body's main stress response system.

research Gene expression profile of human follicle dermal papilla cells in response to Camellia japonica phytoplacenta extract

3 citations , January 2021 in “FEBS open bio”

Camellia japonica extract may improve scalp health and promote hair growth.

research Role of the ACTH/MC2R System in the Hair Cycle in Mice

1 citations , January 2016 in “Journal of Biosciences and Medicines”

The ACTH/MC2R system is crucial for controlling hair growth cycles in mice.

research Expression of melanocortin receptors on cutaneous fibroblastic cells – collagen and beyond

1 citations , January 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

MC-1R in skin cells may influence inflammation and collagen production.

research Melanocortin receptors in fibroblastic cell types of the skin –in vitro and in vivo expression and functional relevance

1 citations , September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology”

MC-1R is present in skin cells and may help reduce inflammation.

research Endocrine Controls of Skin Aging

February 2025 in “Endocrine Reviews”

Hormones affect skin aging, but only topical retinoids and estrogens are used in treatments now.

Pre-Clinical In-Vitro Assays for High Throughput Screening of Drug Candidates for Protection and Restoration of Immune Privilege in Alopecia Areata

research 1419 Pre-clinical in-vitro assays for high throughput screening of drug candidates for protection and restoration of immune privilege in alopecia areata

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The research developed methods to test drugs that could protect and restore hair follicle protection in a hair loss condition.