The case shows the difficulty in diagnosing certain conditions when standard tests are negative.
September 2025 in “Radboud University Press eBooks” AHR ligands could treat inflammatory skin diseases.
2 citations
,
November 2011 in “InTech eBooks” Stress can worsen skin conditions by affecting immune responses and skin cell activities.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” ILC1-like cells can cause alopecia areata by affecting hair follicles.
14 citations
,
December 2010 in “Seminars in Oncology” Rare adrenal cancers that secrete androgens or estrogens have a poor prognosis and are treated primarily with surgery.
March 2025 in “European Journal of Medical Genetics” Tofacitinib helped improve symptoms and hair growth in a patient with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Arg1+ macrophages may play a role in causing alopecia areata.
4 citations
,
February 2024 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia”
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A woman's rare benign tumor that released both cortisol and testosterone was successfully removed, improving her health.
21 citations
,
August 1984 in “BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology” Ovarian function was similar in both treatment groups, but both caused excessive hair growth.
8 citations
,
July 2003 in “Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases” A 13-year-old girl with various symptoms was successfully treated with an antibiotic called co-trimoxazole.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “International journal of research in dermatology” Intralesional corticosteroids are the best for limited alopecia areata, oral steroids are less effective, and PRP is safe and promising, especially for children and severe cases.
January 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” IVIG therapy significantly improved symptoms in a patient with APS-2 and SPS.
1 citations
,
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Adults with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia value medication that prevents weight gain from glucocorticoids the most.
24 citations
,
January 1985 in “Dermatology” Higher levels of certain immune cells in hair follicles may contribute to alopecia areata.
Combining systemic steroids and dithranol can effectively regrow hair in severe alopecia areata.
Higher PD-1 levels mean fewer CD8+ T cells in alopecia areata hair follicles.
22 citations
,
May 2017 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” BD 1/4 dilution is the best for treating localized alopecia areata in adults.
10 citations
,
August 2019 in “European Journal of Dermatology” The document did not conclude on apremilast's effectiveness for severe alopecia areata.
7 citations
,
January 2014 in “Case reports in endocrinology” A woman's excessive hair growth was caused by a rare benign tumor in her adrenal gland, which was successfully removed.
78 citations
,
July 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
6 citations
,
March 2019 in “JAAD case reports” A new mix of anthralin and calcipotriene might help treat severe hair loss.
January 2011 in “International Journal of Trichology” The document concludes that doctors should recognize congenital triangular alopecia to avoid unnecessary treatments, as it does not respond to steroids like alopecia areata does.
10 citations
,
July 2019 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology” Weekly azathioprine pulse is a better alternative to corticosteroids for treating alopecia areata due to fewer side effects.
72 citations
,
September 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 6 citations
,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Autoimmune reactions may cause both alopecia areata and HAM.
1 citations
,
November 2020 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Both concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide are equally effective and safe for treating patchy alopecia areata.
9 citations
,
June 2013 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Infliximab improved skin and bowel symptoms in Crohn's disease but caused side effects and the disease returned after stopping treatment.
88 citations
,
August 2019 in “Nature communications” Researchers found a specific immune receptor in patients that causes severe skin reactions to a drug.
2 citations
,
November 2021 in “ACG Case Reports Journal” Tofacitinib successfully treated hair loss in a Crohn's disease patient who previously used adalimumab.