15 citations
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June 1964 in “Experimental Biology and Medicine” Methotrexate can temporarily suppress certain immune responses without killing immune cells, potentially helping treat autoimmune diseases.
24 citations
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March 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology” Treg dysfunction is linked to various autoimmune skin diseases, and understanding Treg properties is key for new treatments.
2 citations
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June 2017 in “Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare” Skin and mucous symptoms are key for diagnosing autoimmune connective tissue diseases.
24 citations
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February 2011 in “The American journal of pathology” AIRE protein, defective in APECED patients, is found in skin and hair cells and interacts with cytokeratin 17.
67 citations
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January 1992 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
5 citations
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December 2004 in “Dermatology” Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.
1 citations
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January 2015 in “Springer eBooks” The document says a skin condition called alopecia areata causes hair loss and stress, and is treated with strong skin creams, injections, or other therapies, but treatment success varies.
2 citations
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June 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” CD8+ T cells re-expressing CD45RA may predict treatment resistance in severe alopecia areata.
6 citations
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January 2022 in “Veterinary Sciences” Feline cutaneous lymphocytosis is likely reactive, while canine cutaneous lymphocytosis needs more study to understand its nature.
42 citations
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January 1998 in “BioDrugs” Azathioprine's effectiveness and safety require careful monitoring and more research, especially regarding its use with corticosteroids and the role of TPMT status in patients.
January 2024 in “Elsevier eBooks” Increasing regulatory T cells may help treat alopecia areata by reducing autoimmunity and promoting hair growth.
1 citations
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April 2015 in “International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine” Cyclosporine-A can cause excessive hair growth, which usually stops after discontinuing the drug.
2 citations
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March 2024 in “Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council” JAK inhibitors effectively treat severe atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata.
30 citations
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May 2016 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” New treatments targeting immune pathways show promise for severe hair loss but need more research for safety and effectiveness.
April 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Both atopy and eosinophilia are linked to more severe hair loss in people with alopecia areata.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” A humanized IL-2 fusion protein boosts T regulatory cells and helps control hair loss in Alopecia Areata.
5 citations
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May 2024 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Global” Upadacitinib effectively improved severe atopic dermatitis and alopecia universalis in a 29-year-old man.
3 citations
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January 2015 in “Nasza Dermatologia Online” Some treatments for autoimmune hair loss work, but JAK inhibitors like tofacitinib are promising for regrowth.
2 citations
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April 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” T cells affect skin cell genes in inflammatory diseases, and therapy can normalize these changes.
1 citations
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June 2019 in “Journal of Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy” Squaric acid dibutylester can cause severe skin reactions in people with allergies.
Both treatments for localized alopecia areata are equally effective.
November 2025 in “JEADV Clinical Practice” Leflunomide may lower alopecia areata risk, while other immunomodulators might increase it.
January 2023 in “Karger Kompass. Dermatologie” Scientists are still unsure what triggers the immune system to attack hair follicles in Alopecia areata.
June 2023 in “Romanian Medical Journal” The case shows how hard it is to tell apart Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome from other similar autoimmune conditions, but correct diagnosis is key for treatment to work.
2 citations
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October 1990 in “PubMed” Severe alopecia areata involves higher levels of certain immune cells, which can be normalized with betamethasone.
4 citations
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January 2009 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” A patient with granuloma annulare experienced both isotopic and isomorphic responses, with skin lesions responding to steroids but relapsing after stopping treatment.
Alopecia areata involves immune system changes, especially in severe cases, with potential new treatment targets identified.
July 2025 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” Both treatments improved alopecia areata, but methotrexate caused more skin darkening, while triamcinolone caused skin lightening and thinning.
21 citations
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March 2002 in “PubMed” High-dose steroid pulse therapy effectively regrows hair in severe multifocal alopecia areata.
1 citations
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October 2025 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” A JAK1 variant causes hair loss, skin issues, and thyroid disease, but treatment with a specific inhibitor can help.