74 citations
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October 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology” Acne patients have higher levels of mTOR in their skin, which could be linked to future metabolic disease.
24 citations
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September 2019 in “Experimental cell research” BMP2 helps hair follicle stem cells become specialized by increasing PTEN, which causes autophagy.
294 citations
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February 2011 in “Cell” Nephronectin helps attach muscle cells to hair follicles.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” NCSTN gene mutation causes abnormal skin cell differentiation and more inflammation, contributing to Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors help regulate and promote hair growth.
January 2025 in “Open Science Framework” AA-PRP temporarily increases hair density in androgenetic alopecia but loses effectiveness over time.
33 citations
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May 1991 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Cromakalim relaxes various blood vessels, while minoxidil sulphate is more selective; they likely act on different potassium channels.
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Removing alkaline phosphatase from human skin cells hinders the creation of new hair follicles.
32 citations
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August 2016 in “Science Signaling” Alopecia areata patients show unique protein activity patterns, suggesting imbalanced signaling pathways.
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July 1994 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Minoxidil sulfate and pinacidil may promote hair growth through increased blood flow, not by activating potassium channels.
39 citations
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August 1998 in “FEBS Letters” Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.
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January 1994 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes” PTHrP regulates various normal body functions, including bone development, skin, and muscle function.
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October 2022 in “Skin appendage disorders” Activated and non-activated PRP are equally safe and effective for treating alopecia areata.
June 2025 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” A PIK3CA mutation in Schwann cells causes severe nerve damage and increased glycolysis, but early treatment can help.
126 citations
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October 2012 in “PLoS ONE” Reduced cytokinin levels help plants adapt to low potassium by increasing root hair growth and potassium uptake.
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April 2014 in “Oncotarget” Minoxidil can reduce functions related to androgen receptors.
53 citations
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August 2005 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Sgk3 is essential for normal hair follicle growth and maintenance.
1 citations
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October 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Melatonin helps improve Cashmere goat hair quality by promoting hair follicle growth through a specific cell signaling pathway.
November 2025 in “Pharmacological Research” Plant-derived nanoparticles from Polygoni Multiflori Radix promote hair growth better than Minoxidil by affecting androgen pathways.
September 2025 in “Science Advances” PADI4 enzyme slows down cell growth in developing hair follicles.
1 citations
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March 2023 in “Science Translational Medicine” Blocking a certain signal in the gp130 receptor can improve tissue healing and lessen osteoarthritis symptoms.
June 2025 in “International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease” PLA2R1 overexpression harms kidney cells by stopping their growth cycle.
14 citations
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March 2022 in “Plant Cell & Environment” The protein AtRXR3 limits root hair growth in Arabidopsis, affecting phosphorus uptake.
November 2025 in “SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine” Upadacitinib effectively treats severe alopecia areata and is safe.
36 citations
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August 2016 in “The Plant cell” A specific enzyme is crucial for the bean plant's relationship with certain beneficial soil bacteria and fungi.
9 citations
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January 2019 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” DKK-1 gene linked to hair loss in AGA and AA patients; more research needed for potential therapy.
The arrector pili muscle plays a key role in hair loss in androgenetic alopecia.
January 2026 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Topical 4-aminopyridine 5% does not improve hair growth in male pattern baldness.
16 citations
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April 2021 in “Plant Signaling & Behavior” MYB30 and EIN3 work against each other to control root hair growth and phosphorus uptake in plants when phosphate is low.
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July 2015 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Higher DKK-1 levels found in hair loss patients; L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, L-threonate, and ginsenoside F2 may help promote hair growth.