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GlossaryAdrenal Hormones

chemicals from adrenal glands that regulate stress and metabolism

Adrenal hormones are chemicals produced by the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. These hormones include cortisol, which helps regulate metabolism and stress response; aldosterone, which controls blood pressure by managing sodium and potassium levels; and adrenaline (epinephrine), which prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses. These hormones play crucial roles in maintaining various bodily functions and responding to stress.

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Effects of the 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Finasteride on Serum Levels of Gonadal, Adrenal, and Hypophyseal Hormones and Its Clinical Significance: A Prospective Clinical Study

research Effects of the 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Finasteride on Serum Levels of Gonadal, Adrenal, and Hypophyseal Hormones and its Clinical Significance: A Prospective Clinical Study

56 citations , April 1998 in “Steroids”

Finasteride reduces hair loss and treats BPH without major hormone changes, but may cause sexual dysfunction.

research Ovarian hormones and adrenal androgens during a woman's life span

24 citations , September 2001 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Women's ovarian hormones and adrenal androgens change throughout life, affecting hair loss and health.

research Adrenal androgenic female-pattern alopecia: sex hormones and the balding woman

46 citations , June 1983 in “Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine”

Higher DHEAS levels may cause hair loss in women by disrupting hair growth.

research Effects of natural products on skin inflammation caused by abnormal hormones secreted by the adrenal gland

2 citations , May 2023 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

Natural products may help treat skin inflammation from abnormal adrenal hormones.

Adrenal Steroid Hormone Concentrations in Dogs with Hair Cycle Arrest (Alopecia X) Before and During Treatment with Melatonin and Mitotane

research Adrenal steroid hormone concentrations in dogs with hair cycle arrest (Alopecia X) before and during treatment with melatonin and mitotane

52 citations , October 2004 in “Veterinary dermatology”

Melatonin and mitotane treatment led to hair re-growth in 62% of dogs with Alopecia X, but this was not always linked to normal hormone levels.

Utilization of Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Analogue to Differentiate Ovarian from Adrenal Hyperandrogenism in Postmenopausal Women

research Utilisation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue to differentiate ovarian from adrenal hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women

4 citations , November 2018 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports”

GnRH analogue can help diagnose ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women when scans don't show the cause.

research Sex differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis’ response to stress: an important role for gonadal hormones

197 citations , January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology”

Male and female bodies respond differently to stress, influenced by hormones and development stages, with implications for stress-related diseases.

The Effects of Synthetic and Natural Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex on Melanin Deposition in Adrenalectomized Black Rats Fed Diets Adequate and Deficient in Vitamin B1

research THE EFFECTS OF THE SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL HORMONE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX ON MELANIN DEPOSITION IN ADRENALECTOMIZED BLACK RATS FED DIETS ADEQUATE AND DEFICIENT IN THE FILTRATE FACTORS OF VITAMIN B¹

27 citations , October 1945 in “Endocrinology”

Synthetic hormone treatment reduces melanin and hair growth in rats.

research Effect of Leuprolide and Dexamethasone on Hair Growth and Hormone Levels in Hirsute Women: The Relative Importance of the Ovary and the Adrenal in the Pathogenesis of Hirsutism*

100 citations , April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

The ovary mainly causes high testosterone in PCO, while the adrenal gland is the main source in IH.

The Effect of Simvastatin on Plasma Steroid Hormone Levels in Metformin-Treated Women with Non-Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

research The Effect of Simvastatin on Plasma Steroid Hormone Levels in Metformin-Treated Women with Non-Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

7 citations , January 2016 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes”

Simvastatin may help manage symptoms in women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia by lowering cholesterol and certain hormone levels.

research Correlation Analysis of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hormone Levels in Hair before Stroke Onset and Mood Disorders after Stroke

1 citations , June 2024 in “Rehabilitation Medicine”

Higher cortisol and cortisone levels in hair may predict mood disorders after a stroke.

research Age‐dependent regulation by androgens of gene expression in the anterior hypothalamus and stress‐induced release of adrenal hormones in adolescent and adult male rats

10 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology”

Testosterone affects stress hormone levels differently in adolescent and adult male rats.

New Effects of Caffeine on Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)-Induced Stress Along the Intrafollicular Classical Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis (CRH-R1/2, IP3-R, ACTH, MC-R2) and the Neurogenic Non-HPA Axis (Substance P, p75NTR and TrkA) in Ex Vivo Human Male Androgenetic Scalp Hair Follicles

research New effects of caffeine on corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH)‐induced stress along the intrafollicular classical hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis (CRH‐R1/2, IP₃‐R, ACTH, MC‐R2) and the neurogenic non‐HPA axis (substance P, p75^NTRand TrkA) inex vivohuman male androgenetic scalp hair follicles

12 citations , April 2020 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Caffeine may help reduce stress-induced hair loss.

Adrenal Disorders and the Pediatric Brain: Pathophysiological Considerations and Clinical Implications

research Adrenal Disorders and the Paediatric Brain: Pathophysiological Considerations and Clinical Implications

38 citations , January 2014 in “International Journal of Endocrinology”

Adrenal disorders can cause lasting brain and behavior issues in children.

research The role of the adrenal glands in regulating onset of winter fur growth in mink (Mustela vison)

16 citations , July 1992 in “The journal of experimental zoology/Journal of experimental zoology”

Adrenal glands delay the start of winter fur growth in mink.

research Ashwagandha root in the treatment of non-classical adrenal hyperplasia

5 citations , September 2012 in “BMJ case reports”

Ashwagandha may improve hormone levels and reduce hair loss in non-classical adrenal hyperplasia.

Steroid Hormones: Overview and Medical Applications

research Steroid Hormones

3 citations , January 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Steroid hormones are crucial for body functions and have various medical uses, but their misuse can lead to dependence.

research STEROID HORMONES IN GERIATRICS

1 citations , February 1954 in “Journal of the American Geriatrics Society”

Steroid hormones can help treat aging issues and improve health in elderly people.

research The human hair follicle has established a fully functional peripheral equivalent of the hypothamalic‐pituitary‐adrenal‐axis (HPA)

9 citations , January 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Human hair follicles can produce stress hormones like the body's main stress response system.

research Structure and Expression of a New Complementary DNA Encoding the almost Exclusive 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ⁵-Δ⁴-lsomerase in Human Adrenals and Gonads

354 citations , August 1991 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

Human adrenals and gonads have a unique enzyme for steroid hormone production.

research Neuroimmunoregulation of Androgens in the Adrenal Gland and the Skin

48 citations , January 2000 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics”

Cytokines and neuropeptides are key in controlling androgen levels, affecting skin and hair conditions.

research THE FUNCTIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIP OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY AND THE ADRENAL CORTEX

41 citations , September 1951 in “Annals of Internal Medicine”

The anterior pituitary controls adrenal cortex size and activity through ACTH.

research Low sex-hormone binding globulin levels in young women with diffuse hair loss

40 citations , March 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Young women with diffuse hair loss may have low SHBG levels, which could lead to more active testosterone and contribute to their hair loss.

research Hyposecretion of the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in the majority of the alopecia areata patients: Is it a primitive and pathogenic perturbation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?

3 citations , January 2011 in “International journal of trichology”

Low DHEA-S levels might be linked to alopecia areata and could be a potential treatment target.

research Adrenal and Gonadal Activity, Androgen Concentrations, and Adult Height Outcomes in Boys With Silver-Russell Syndrome

1 citations , December 2019 in “Frontiers in endocrinology”

Higher androgen levels during puberty are linked to shorter adult height in boys with Silver-Russell syndrome.

research Genetics and Pathophysiology of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

July 2017 in “Contemporary Endocrinology”

The document concludes that patient outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are often not ideal because of poor management and a need for better diagnosis and treatment methods.

Adrenal 21-Hydroxylase Gene Mutations in Slovenian Hyperandrogenic Women: Evaluation of Corticotrophin Stimulation and HLA Polymorphisms in Screening for Carrier Status

research Adrenal 21-hydroxylase gene mutations in Slovenian hyperandrogenic women: evaluation of corticotrophin stimulation and HLA polymorphisms in screening for carrier status

19 citations , August 1999 in “European journal of endocrinology”

The study concluded that testing hormone levels after stimulation is not reliable for identifying carriers of 21-hydroxylase deficiency; genetic testing is necessary.

research Goat hair as a bioindicator of environmental contaminants and adrenal activation during vertical transhumance

1 citations , November 2023 in “Frontiers in veterinary science”

Goat hair shows changes in metal levels and stress when goats move from indoors to mountain pastures.

research Iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency Due to an Interaction Between Fluticasone and Ritonavir

1 citations , May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society”

A woman developed Cushing syndrome and adrenal insufficiency from using fluticasone and ritonavir together.

research Adrenal myelolipoma: A rare entity

1 citations , December 2019 in “Medical Journal of Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth”

A rare adrenal gland tumor can cause unusual symptoms due to hormone changes.