September 2025 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” PRAME is often present in Paget disease and could help in diagnosis, but more research is needed.
4 citations
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January 2011 in “Annals of Dermatology” Researchers found a new mutation in the HR gene linked to a rare hair loss condition.
61 citations
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June 2010 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Anti-TNF-α therapy may increase the risk of developing alopecia areata, especially in those with a history of autoimmune disease.
March 2025 in “Experimental Dermatology” Overexpression of IKZF1 and Ikaros causes hair loss in mice similar to alopecia areata.
June 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Higher homocysteine levels may inhibit hair growth and are linked to androgenetic alopecia.
TGF-β1 and 2 in hair follicles may be linked to hair loss in AGA.
49 citations
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January 1972 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure”
12 citations
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January 2014 in “Annals of Dermatology” Modified superoxide dismutase may trigger an autoimmune response in alopecia areata.
May 2025 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Linoleic acid and magnesium are key in alopecia areata progression, and tofacitinib can help by affecting their pathway.
4 citations
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January 1981 in “PubMed” Hair medullary cells in mammals vary in complexity, with humans having more structured cells similar to inner root sheath cells.
1 citations
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January 2024 in “BMJ Case Reports” A woman had meningitis caused by mixed connective tissue disease, not an infection.
7 citations
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March 2018 in “Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences” OCIAD2 and DCN genes affect hair growth in goats by having opposite effects on a growth signaling pathway and inhibiting each other.
January 2018 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal” DM and AA may share a common cause.
June 2023 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Some multiple sclerosis treatments may trigger hair loss conditions like alopecia areata.
21 citations
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November 2019 in “Molecular & Cellular Proteomics” Citrullinated proteins from Porphyromonas gingivalis may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis.
19 citations
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September 2010 in “The American journal of pathology” High glucocorticoids cause pancreatic malfunction and malabsorption, reversible with enzyme supplements.
22 citations
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September 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” μ-Crystallin may help hair growth by affecting thyroid hormone levels in mouse hair follicles.
Giant axonal neuropathy changes the structure of keratin in human hair, making it stiffer and stronger.
March 2026 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” All-trans retinoic acid slows cell growth and increases cell death in goat hair follicles through a specific pathway.
5 citations
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September 2021 in “Journal of Medical Biochemistry” wAMD patients have higher oxidative stress, suggesting antioxidant treatment may help.
January 2025 in “Dermatology Online Journal” The man's hair loss and skin papules were diagnosed as atrichia with papular lesions, not alopecia areata universalis.
12 citations
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August 2011 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Anti-Müllerian hormone is a specific marker for ovarian issues in women with conditions like PCOS.
2 citations
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March 2025 in “Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery” Altered hypothalamic activity may contribute to stress in alopecia areata patients.
June 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Denosumab may cause alopecia areata.
191 citations
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November 1959 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.
13 citations
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March 2014 in “Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis” Higher MIF levels in alopecia areata patients suggest it could be a treatment target and disease predictor.
12 citations
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February 2014 in “PLoS ONE” Topical rapamycin may effectively treat fibrous papules on the face.
70 citations
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August 2006 in “Cancer Research” AP-1 controls tumor cell type by affecting key signaling pathways.
April 2011 in “Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services” Many patients with Alopecia Areata have underlying autoimmune disorders, especially thyroid issues.
578 citations
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April 1993 in “Cell” TGFα gene mutation in mice causes abnormal skin, wavy hair, curly whiskers, and sometimes eye inflammation.