December 2010 in “TSpace” Activating androgen receptors in muscle can increase muscle mass and reduce fat.
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September 1992 in “Steroids” New A-homo-B, 19-dinor steroids showed strong antiandrogenic activity without affecting the enzyme 5α-reductase or androgen receptor binding.
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July 2011 in “Archives of Pharmacal Research” 23 citations
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February 2010 in “European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” 59 citations
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January 1976 in “Vitamins and hormones” Prostate cells have proteins that bind to specific hormones, which can increase protein production when activated by these hormones.
December 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” New steroid compounds may help with hormonal therapy and have potential benefits for glucose disorders, but more research is needed.
5 citations
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January 2005 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” New steroids were effective in blocking male hormone receptors in hamster prostates.
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February 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Certain interactions help prepare the androgen receptor for pairing and activation, which is important for its role in development and disease.
February 2009 in “RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)” Androgen receptor activity is influenced by hormones, co-factors, modifications, and mutations.
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June 1970 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Antiandrogens may help treat conditions like excessive hair growth, prostate tumors, male baldness, and acne by blocking male hormone effects.
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November 2008 in “Acta crystallographica” Scientists successfully created and analyzed the structure of a part of the human androgen receptor with specific modulators and a peptide to understand how it binds differently in various tissues.
February 1999 in “Strength and Conditioning Journal” Androstenedione, a hormone supplement, doesn't improve muscle or performance and can cause harmful side effects.
August 2019 in “Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)” DHT enhances androgen receptor activity more than testosterone, and MAGE-11 influences this activity through specific interactions.
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November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
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April 2008 in “Steroids” The more lipophilic the progesterone derivative, the better it binds to androgen receptors and has antiandrogenic effects.
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October 2005 in “Expert opinion on therapeutic patents” Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are a promising type of drug for various health conditions due to their targeted actions.
December 1998 in “Acta Crystallographica Section C-crystal Structure Communications” A new compound with strong antiandrogenic effects was found, potentially useful for treating conditions like acne and prostate cancer.
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December 2006 in “Bone” Exemestane may protect bones by stimulating osteoblast growth through androgen-related pathways.
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November 1975 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.
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October 2002 in “The FASEB Journal” Heart-specific steroid metabolism is crucial in cardiac hypertrophy.
211 citations
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May 2013 in “Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging” MK-0773 safely increased muscle mass but did not improve muscle strength or function in elderly women with sarcopenia.
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August 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” DHEA boosts bone cell growth and differentiation in elderly stem cells.
November 2021 in “Pharmaceutical Sciences” New compounds were made and tested, with compound 6 showing potential for treating prostate-related diseases.
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October 1975 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis” 36 citations
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July 2022 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” Therapies targeting the androgen receptor are being developed to treat prostate cancer and improve bone and muscle health.
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August 2021 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Retinoic acid affects male and female muscle energy use and function differently.
August 1994 in “Molecular Endocrinology” Changing protein kinase levels in pituitary cells affects calcium flow and beta-endorphin release.
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June 2018 in “Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry” Compounds 4, 4b, and 4c effectively inhibit an enzyme linked to testosterone conversion without significant toxicity.
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August 2015 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” The study found that urine metabolites M1b or M4 are the best indicators of ATD use in horses, with detection possible up to 77 hours in urine and 28 hours in blood.