5 citations
,
July 2021 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism” Glioblastoma cells can make androgens, which might help the tumor grow.
3 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
2 citations
,
February 2021 in “Brain Research” Testosterone affects blood pressure control and inflammation in male rats with endotoxic shock, and blocking certain hormones may help treat it.
December 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Excess androgens may cause PCOS, not just be a symptom.
November 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Antiandrogens and androgen inhibitors like spironolactone, finasteride, and dutasteride can treat hair loss and skin conditions, but they have risks and side effects, including potential harm to pregnant women and risks of cancer and heart issues. Herbal remedies also have antiandrogenic effects but lack safety validation.
December 2015 in “University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)” AKR1C3 could be a treatment target for metabolic issues in PCOS.
May 2024 in “Scientific Reports” Androgen receptors in the mouse brain may explain cognitive and mood changes in prostate cancer treatment.
251 citations
,
October 2014 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.
49 citations
,
February 2019 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Use "female pattern hair loss" term, assess androgen excess, treat with minoxidil and other medications if needed.
6 citations
,
November 2020 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Androgens reduce BMP2, which weakens the ability of certain cells to help hair stem cells become different types of cells.
1 citations
,
April 2024 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences” The mouse models are effective for testing new hair loss treatments.
34 citations
,
July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology” Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.
April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Testosterone affects androgen receptors and lipid storage in cells, while DHEA does not convert to testosterone or affect these receptors in the same way.
January 1995 in “Adolescent and pediatric gynecology” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.
72 citations
,
January 2003 in “American Journal of Pathology” A protein called CBP is found in prostate cancer and can increase the effectiveness of certain prostate cancer treatments.
58 citations
,
January 2003 in “Thrombosis and Haemostasis” Testosterone may slow down wound healing and increase inflammation.
12 citations
,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
October 2025 in “Scientific Reports” AR gene variations don't affect aging markers in men.
416 citations
,
September 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” People with hair loss have more androgen receptors and enzymes in certain follicles, with men and women showing different patterns.
378 citations
,
November 2011 in “Human reproduction update” Experts recommend using evidence-based methods to diagnose and treat hirsutism, focusing on symptoms and underlying causes.
282 citations
,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
253 citations
,
March 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Exposure to too much androgen before birth might cause polycystic ovary syndrome later in life.
209 citations
,
September 2008 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Androgens can both increase and decrease hair growth in different parts of the body.
195 citations
,
June 2005 in “American Journal of Human Genetics” Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.
190 citations
,
October 2002 in “The FASEB journal” Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.
186 citations
,
July 1998 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” Shorter CAG repeats may cause hair and skin issues, while longer ones may link to acne.
182 citations
,
June 2002 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Androgens can help prevent memory problems caused by apoE4.
157 citations
,
April 1994 in “Clinical endocrinology” Androgens can cause hair growth in some areas and hair loss on the scalp.
122 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Male pattern baldness involves hormones and cell signals affecting hair growth.
119 citations
,
November 2009 in “Human Reproduction” Women with PCOS and higher androgen levels are more likely to have fatty liver disease.