29 citations
,
February 2004 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Men with early balding often have hormone levels similar to women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
November 2007 in “Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers” Higher C-peptide levels in African-American men and higher HbA1c levels in Caucasian men are linked to lower PSA levels.
25 citations
,
January 2013 in “International Journal of Trichology” Premature balding in some men may be linked to altered hormones, but it's not the male equivalent to polycystic ovary syndrome or metabolic syndrome.
November 2025 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders” The TT/DHT ratio may help identify PCOS patients with severe metabolic issues.
November 2025 in “Basic and Clinical Andrology” Male relatives of women with PCOS show similar health issues, suggesting a male version of the condition.
17 citations
,
April 2010 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Obese women had more testosterone and less acne, but similar hair growth compared to non-obese women.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Machine learning identified three unique subtypes of androgen excess in women with PCOS, each with different metabolic risks.
July 2020 in “Endocrine practice” A 13-year-old boy with Cushing syndrome has high cortisol levels from a pituitary gland issue and underdeveloped sexual characteristics.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Afro-textured hair in indigenous South Africans has lower density and unique features, needing specific evaluation standards.
Adolescents with PCOS have lower quality of life due to diagnosis, binge eating, and body image concerns.
91 citations
,
July 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Different PCOS characteristics affect lipid profiles, increasing cardiovascular disease risk, so regular lipid screening is advised.
5 citations
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March 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” A model using hormone levels, cycle length, and BMI can help identify PCOS in Chinese women but isn't for screening teens.
13 citations
,
October 2006 in “Pediatrics in review” Early puberty is more common in girls and African-American children, possibly due to nutrition, obesity, stress, and environmental factors, and is treated with hormone therapy.
33 citations
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January 2013 in “Dermatology” Over half of the adult women with acne in the study had higher than normal levels of male hormones, especially DHEA.
March 2023 in “İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi” Obesity is linked to higher metabolic syndrome and LH/FSH ratios, but no significant differences exist among PCOS phenotypes.
38 citations
,
May 2006 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Women with only irregular periods or excess hair have a better hormone profile than those with full PCOS, but both groups are similar, indicating a need for better PCOS diagnosis methods.
July 2022 in “British Journal of Dermatology” 22 citations
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May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Certain finger length ratios and body hair patterns may predict side effects from birth control pills in women.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology” 15.33% of young Caucasian men have severe hair loss, with higher rates in Jewish men and links to age, BMI, and possibly metabolic syndrome.
9 citations
,
October 2014 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Knuckle Acanthosis Nigricans is common in Latin American youth and may indicate early insulin resistance, especially in those with normal weight.
February 2023 in “American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences” Hair analysis can effectively assess nutritional status.
January 2016 in “Journal of SAFOG” Girls with PCOS and menstrual disorders have notably higher androgen hormone levels.
2 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.
6 citations
,
January 2020 in “Open Journal of Psychiatry” The Greek DCQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing dysmorphic concern.
July 2022 in “British Journal of Dermatology” 8 citations
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May 2025 in “Biomolecules” Forensic genetics can now predict physical traits and lifestyle habits, with future advancements expected from new technologies.
April 2024 in “American Journal of Biological Anthropology” Hair traits vary widely and are not reliable indicators of ancestry.
70 citations
,
February 2009 in “Biological Trace Element Research”
13 citations
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January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” Most hirsutism patients had idiopathic hirsutism or PCOS, with hormonal imbalances and signs like acne and irregular periods.
February 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” Hirsutism and acne indicate high androgen levels in women with PCOS, and early treatment can improve symptoms and quality of life.