4 citations
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August 2018 in “Journal of cellular biochemistry” Acid inside cells speeds up aging and turns on aging signs in mice.
July 2023 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Anabolic-androgenic steroids harm male hormone levels, sperm, metabolism, and can cause acne, hair loss, and breast growth.
11 citations
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July 2015 in “Gene” DHT affects bone growth by altering gene activity in osteoblasts, potentially complicating steroid use.
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August 2021 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Retinoic acid affects male and female muscle energy use and function differently.
2 citations
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March 2012 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” The body's change of testosterone into DHT is not necessary for testosterone's muscle and sexual effects.
January 2025 in “Digital Commons - Gardner-Webb University (Gardner–Webb University)” Abusing anabolic steroids can cause serious health problems despite short-term muscle gains.
January 2015 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” Adipose tissue changes in obesity can trigger stress in fat cells.
13 citations
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November 2005 in “Epilepsia” Deoxycorticosterone and its metabolites help prevent seizures by interacting with specific receptors.
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August 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” DHEA boosts bone cell growth and differentiation in elderly stem cells.
2 citations
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September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
Men with early-onset hair loss are less responsive to bromocriptine's heart and metabolism benefits.
February 2024 in “Brain research bulletin” Blocking androgen activity in newborn rats affects body weight and appetite-related hormones differently in males and females.
42 citations
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May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
35 citations
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November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
January 2013 in “Cahiers Pedagogiques” Calorie restriction boosts stem cell activity, improving tissue regeneration and lifespan.
1 citations
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April 2021 in “Current Stem Cell Reports” Eating less can improve stem cell function and increase lifespan.
50 citations
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December 2006 in “Bone” Exemestane may protect bones by stimulating osteoblast growth through androgen-related pathways.
59 citations
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September 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.
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May 2019 in “Biology open” Testosterone reduces heart damage and inflammation after injury.
11 citations
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May 2009 in “Medical Hypotheses” Male pattern baldness is an unintended side effect of the body's use of androgens for muscle growth, especially in those genetically prone to it.
2 citations
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July 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Certain gut bacteria can lower androgen levels in male mice.
27 citations
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October 1945 in “Endocrinology” Synthetic hormone treatment reduces melanin and hair growth in rats.
1 citations
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August 2000 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” Boosting mitochondrial energy production with supplements like acetyl-L-carnitine may improve aging-related cellular function and health conditions.
5 citations
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January 2017 in “Biomedical Research-tokyo” Long-term steroid abuse in athletes causes serious health risks, outweighing any benefits.
April 2026 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Red light exposure can slow aging in mice by improving fat metabolism.
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July 1967 in “Science” Decomposed tritiated thymidine is less accurate for DNA tracing, and hair changes can indicate malnutrition.
19 citations
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September 2010 in “The American journal of pathology” High glucocorticoids cause pancreatic malfunction and malabsorption, reversible with enzyme supplements.
This study demonstrates that periodic exposure to red light can mitigate aging in mice by enhancing histone H3 Lys9 acetylation (H3K9ac) through the modulation of fatty acid metabolism. Red light exposure reduces SIRT4 protein levels in keratinocytes, which activates glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and the TCA cycle. The decrease in SIRT4 enhances mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and activates SIRT1, which in turn activates PPAR-α, leading to increased expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. This results in the accumulation of acetyl-CoA, increased H3K9ac levels, and altered expression of senescence-related genes, effectively reducing cellular aging through coordinated regulation of metabolism, inflammation, and gene expression.
This study demonstrates that periodic exposure to red light can mitigate aging in mice by enhancing histone H3 Lys9 acetylation (H3K9ac) through the modulation of fatty acid metabolism. Red light exposure reduces SIRT4 protein levels in keratinocytes, which activates glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and the TCA cycle. The decrease in SIRT4 enhances mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and activates SIRT1, which in turn alleviates inhibition on PPAR-α, leading to increased expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. This results in the accumulation of acetyl-CoA, increased H3K9ac levels, and altered expression of senescence-related genes, effectively reducing cellular aging through coordinated regulation of metabolism, inflammation, and gene expression.
19 citations
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June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.